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パパラッチ（paparazzi）[1][2]とは有名人をつけまわし、その人の主に私生活のスナップ写真を撮影し、それを売って生計を立てているカメラマン。

パパラッチは通常、撮影した写真を専門のエージェントを通して雑誌や新聞に売ることで生計を立てている。報酬はエージェントと取り分を半分に分ける場合が多い[3]。エージェントを介して売ると著作権を保持できるが、新聞や雑誌などに直接持ち込んだ場合は大抵は著作権も買い上げとなるため、支払いは1回のみである[4]。

個人のプライバシーを完全に無視した行動が、問題にはなってきていたが、一躍「パパラッチ」という言葉が有名になったのは1997年のダイアナ元妃の死亡事故でのことである。この死亡事故についての原因はいろいろと説があるが、交通法規を無視したパパラッチによる執拗な追跡行動が原因の一つと見られている。このときのパパラッチは拘束されたが、裁判で誰も有罪判決を下されることはなかった。

近年はプロフェッショナルではない民間人が撮影した写真も買い取るエージェンシーが出てきている。2006年3月にスキー旅行に出かけていたイギリスのウィリアム王子とその恋人のケイト・ミドルトンがリゾート地で抱擁している写真がイギリス国内のダブロイド紙の一面を飾ったが、その写真は同じリゾート地に偶然居合わせた一般人が撮影したものである。ウィリアム王子が執拗に追い掛け回すパパラッチに怒っているとコメントを発表してからは、各誌がパパラッチ撮影による写真を買い取っていなかったが、リゾート地での写真は2人の同意がなかったとはいえ、2人を追い掛け回して撮影されたものではない一般人のものたっだため、各誌が掲載に至った[5]。

携帯電話でも画質の良い写真が撮れるようになり、カメラの軽量化・小型化により普段カメラを持ち歩くことも珍しくなくなったため、民間人がスクープ写真を撮ることも可能となった。近年はこのような現象をさして「市民ジャーナリスト（citizen journalis）」という言葉も生まれた。また、スクープ写真を撮る民間人を指して「スナパラッチ（snaparazzi）」（「スナップ写真」と「パパラッチ」を合わせた造語）という。

wiki

Paparazzi is a plural term (paparazzo being the singular form)[1][2] for photographers who take unstaged and/or candid photographs of celebrities. The settings vary widely for these photograph, any location from the red carpet to a private backyard is considered fair game. The word paparazzi was introduced by the 1960 film La dolce vita directed by Federico Fellini. One of the characters in the film is a news photographer named Paparazzo (played by Walter Santesso). In his book Word and Phrase Origins, Robert Hendrickson writes that Fellini took the name from an Italian dialect that describes a particularly annoying noise, that of a buzzing mosquito. In his school days, Fellini remembered a boy who was nicknamed "Paparazzo" (Mosquito), because of his fast talking and constant movements, a name Fellini later applied to the fictional character in La dolce vita. This version of the word's origin has been strongly contested[citation needed]. For example, in an interview with Fellini's screenwriter Ennio Flaiano, he said the name came from a southern Italy travel narrative by Victorian writer George Gissing, "By the Ionian Sea." The book, published in 1901, gives the name of a hotel proprietor, Signor Paparazzo. He further states that either Fellini or Flaiano opened the book at random, saw the name, and decided to use it for the photographer. This story is documented by a variety of Gissing scholars and in the book "A Sweet and Glorious Land: Revisiting the Ionian Sea" (St. Martin's Press, 2000) by John Keahey.

Due to the reputation of paparazzi as a nuisance, some states and countries (particularly within Europe) restrict their activities by passing laws and curfews, and by staging events in which paparazzi are specifically allowed to take photographs. In Germany and France, photographers need the permission of the people in their photographs in order for them to be released (see model release).[citation needed]

The presence of paparazzi is not always seen as vexatious; the arranger of an event may, in order to make the guests feel important, hire a number of actors who pretend they are paparazzi (so-called faux-paparazzi).[citation needed]

Freelance Paparazzi usually sell their work to dozens of magazines and newspapers that publish such photos for their readers and subscribers, and hence many paparazzi feel that they are helping celebrities and public figures in general by increasing their visibility.[citation needed] Still, these photographers often earn large sums for a particularly good, or revealing picture.[citation needed]

Staff Paparazzi usually work for a Press Agency that sell their work to two hunderd magazines, newspaper, website and TV networks worldwide. Staffers are getting a fix yearly salary and a % of the sales. They have their car,phone,car insurance,gas and health insurance paid by the agency.

Many big media corporations are the owners of ShowBiz Magazines, Celebrity website and Movie Studio at the same time. (Ex: TMZ, People Magazine, AOL, CNN and Warner Brothers Studio are owned by TIME WARNER MEDIA) The same month Warner Brothers Studio is releasing a new one hundred million dollars movie with Bard Pitt they will order their affiliate to get pictures and videos of Brad Pitt in holidays to get more buzz around their new feature release... A lot of Paparazzi are getting their info regarding a celebrity by the star's manager,publicist or agent. Paparazzi are not breaking any laws in the U.S. when they take a photo of a celebrity, unless the photographer was on private property.[

A inquest jury investigating the paparazzi involvement in the deaths of Princess Diana and her companion Dodi Fayed, who were killed in 1997 in a high-speed car accident in Paris, France, while being pursued by paparazzi. Although several paparazzi were briefly taken into custody, no one was ever convicted. The official inquests into the accident attributed the causes to the speed and manner of driving of the Mercedes, and to the speed and manner of driving of the following vehicles as well as to the impairment of the judgement of the Mercedes driver through alcohol.[3]

In 1999, the Oriental Daily News of Hong Kong was found guilty of "scandalizing the court", an extremely rare criminal charge that the newspaper's conduct would undermine confidence in the administration of justice.[4] The charge was brought after the newspaper had published abusive articles challenging the judiciary's integrity and accusing it of bias in a lawsuit the paper had instigated over a photo of a pregnant Faye Wong. The paper had also arranged for a "puppy team" (slang for paparazzi in the Chinese language) to track a judge for 72 hours, to provide the judge with first-hand experience with what paparazzi do.[5]

Time magazine's Style & Design special issue in 2005 ran a story entitled "Shooting Star", in which Mel Bouzad, one of the top paparazzi in Los Angeles at the time, claimed to have made US$150,000 for a picture of Ben Affleck and Jennifer Lopez in Georgia after their breakup. "If I get a picture of Britney and her baby," Bouzad claimed, "I'll be able to buy a house in those hills (above Sunset Boulevard)."[6] Paparazzi author Peter Howe told Time that "celebrities need a higher level of exposure than the rest of us so it is a two-way street. The celebrities manipulate."

On 2006, Daniela Cicarelli went through a scandal when a paparazzo caught video footage of her having sex with her boyfriend on a beach in Spain, which was posted on YouTube. After fighting in the court, it was decided in her favor, causing YouTube to be blocked in Brazil. This caused major havoc among brazilians, including threatening to make a boycott against MTV unless Daniela was fired from the company. Ultimately, the block lasted merely a few days, but Daniela did not get fired. However, the legal action backfired as the court decided she had no expectation of privacy by having sex in a public location.

The E! network program Celebrities Uncensored used often-confrontational footage of celebrities made by paparazzi.

A paparazzi recently sued and lost his case against actor Keanu Reeves claiming that Keanu hit him with his car after he left his friends house. The photographer also claimed that he was unable to work since the accident stating that his hand was permanently injured and asked the court for over $700,000 dollars in compensation. The photographer was privately investigated and filmed still to be working using the said injured hand and shown to have many inconsistencies in his story. [7]

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